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The process of defining emergency phone numbers worldwide involves several steps and considerations, which can vary by country due to differences in regulations, telecommunication infrastructure, and cultural factors. Here's an overview of the process and the reasons for variations:

### Process of Defining Emergency Phone Numbers:

1. **Policy Development**: National governments or regulatory bodies develop policies regarding emergency services based on public safety needs. This can involve assessing the types of emergencies most common in the country.

2. **Stakeholder Consultation**: Governments typically consult with various stakeholders, including emergency services (police, fire, medical), telecommunications providers, and the public to gather input on the most effective number to use.

3. **Standardization Efforts**: Some regions and organizations work towards standardizing emergency numbers. For instance, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other international bodies may provide guidelines, but implementation is generally up to individual countries.

4. **Infrastructure Consideration**: The technological capabilities of a country's telecommunications infrastructure can influence the choice of emergency numbers. For example, some countries may not have the capability to route calls to a universal emergency number due to outdated systems.

5. **Legislative Approval**: Once a number has been chosen, it often needs to go through a legislative process for official adoption and regulation, outlining how the number will be used and what services it covers.

### Reasons for Variation by Country:

1. **Cultural Differences**: Different countries have different emergency services and cultural perceptions of emergencies, which can dictate the necessity for specific numbers.

2. **Historical Context**: Some countries have historical emergency numbers that have been in use for a long time, which can influence whether they retain or change their system.

3. **Telecommunication Infrastructure**: Countries with advanced telecommunications systems may adopt more complex emergency number systems, whereas others may rely on simpler or previously established numbers.

4. **Population and Geographic Considerations**: Countries with large rural areas may need distinct systems for reaching emergency services quickly, affecting the chosen emergency numbers.

5. **International Influence**: Some countries adopt standardized numbers, like 112 in the European Union, while others prefer a unique system based on their own needs.

### Examples of Emergency Numbers:
- **112**: Common in EU countries and many others globally.
- **911**: Widely recognized in the United States and Canada.
- **999**: Used in the United Kingdom.
- **000**: Used in Australia.

**111** Used in New Zealand

Overall, the variation in emergency phone numbers reflects a combination of local requirements, historical context, and existing infrastructure, leading to a diverse array of systems worldwide..